{"articleRight":{"code":"S","displayResorceName":"Subscription","ipAllow":true,"access":false},"searchEn":false,"sessionUser":"","existTranslate":false,"PrevArticle":"10.1007/s42768-025-00262-1","article":{"id":"8AFA0F6E059343E6933C6DDA819816E4","isNewRecord":false,"title":"A decadal review of carbon-based sustainable materials: chemistry, mechanisms, and environmental applications","journalTitle":"Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy","journalId":"1776803849709948928","publisherId":"f8d5e518b66b4e12af2177121e32f5d2","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00249-y","volumeCode":"7","issueCode":"4","elocationid":"753","language":"en_US","spage":"753","epage":"776","sort":"25247980000000070000000400000007530000000776","advancePub":"normal","fla":"WDSE","issn":"2524-7980","pubYear":"2025","pubMonth":"12","purchaseDate":1740672000000,"acceptDate":1753891200000,"pubDate":1756915200000,"pdfPath":"/2524-7980/09679791A7994995B0CF7188F154DB88.pdf","pdfMarkPath":"/2524-7980/09679791A7994995B0CF7188F154DB88-mark.pdf","createDate":1770735823000,"updateDate":1770735823000,"resourseId":"ee683edd5f2946c7a6184de7fcf7d560","intro":"Water contamination is a pressing global issue involving pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and nutrients, which are significant threats to ecosystems. Conventional water treatment methods often fail to remove these pollutants effectively. Hence, there is a need for sustainable solutions. Biochar produced through various methods could be a potential solution for environmental problems because of its high surface area, porous structure, and diverse functional groups. Widespread research has been carried out on biochar; however, mostly dispersed information is available. Therefore, in a unified format, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the properties, characteristics, composition, chemistry, mechanisms, and applications of biochar. This study closely examines biochar production and variations in feedstock materials, pyrolysis conditions, adsorption mechanisms, and enhancing efficacy for environmental applications. The potential of biochar for pollutant removal and its interactions with organic, inorganic, and microplastic pollutants have also been explored. The changes in the structural and functional characteristics of biochar due to pollutant interactions have also been discussed. To improve the efficacy of biochar, various modification techniques, such as acid/base treatments, metal impregnation, and thermal treatments, have also been used. Despite its potential, this technology faces challenges such as property variability, high production costs, and potential environmental impacts. This review suggests that the potential of biochar for environmental remediation is influenced by various factors that can be optimized to improve its removal efficacy for targeted pollutants.","ack":"

The authors acknowledge the Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for providing financial support to the first author. The sincere thanks are also extended to IIT (BHU) Varanasi for providing the necessary facilities. Authors extend appreciation to the authors of the cited articles in this review paper. Their invaluable work has provided insight and knowledge and significantly enhanced our understanding of our research.

","specialId":"","includeLanguage":"1","retraction":"未撤稿","price":0.00,"publishScope":"4","printDateStr":"2025-12-26","revRecdDateStr":"2025-04-27","abstractKeyPoints":"","cResourceType":{"id":"ee683edd5f2946c7a6184de7fcf7d560","isNewRecord":false,"resourceNameCh":"订阅获取","resourceNameEn":"Subscription","path":"/images/s.png","code":"S"},"publisher":{"isNewRecord":true,"nameCh":"浙江大学出版社有限责任公司","nameEn":"Zhejiang University Press","coverPath":"1776849242325778432","abbreviated":"JZU","partial":false},"mostReadType":"article","latestVersion":"1","baseId":"09679791A7994995B0CF7188F154DB88","crosUpdateTime":1770735965000,"buyStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"licenseType":"ccc","licenseContent":"Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.","status":1,"elocationNum":0,"articleSort":0,"resourceTypeStr":"ccc","purchaseDateStr":"2025-02-28","acceptDateStr":"2025-07-31","createDateStr":"2026-02-10","onlineDateStr":"2025-09-04","fundingStatement":"This research is supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (No. PDF/2023/000172).","isAuth":false},"isAuthor":false,"metaInfo":"Pages 753-776","isAuth":false,"journalType":"EN","NextArticle":"10.1007/s42768-025-00253-2","pdfPath":"https://academax.com/zju-parse/view/pdf/","headingList":[{"id":"2016370904384278528","isNewRecord":false,"nameZh":"REVIEWS","nameEn":"REVIEWS"}],"islease":false,"lang":"en_US"}